773 Hospitality Management Jobs - Page 15

Butler Operations To supervise Butler Supervisors and Butlers on duty To maintain the quality and consistency of standard and to train the Butlers on improvement areas To concentrate supervision on Floor Butlers, Reception Butler, Private Dining Butler and Butler Hotline To increase guest interaction and to drive the Trust you score of the property. To assist the Head Butler in achieving the KPI of the department. To ensure that all suites and rooms blocked for arrival are prepared on time prior guest arrival. To push all Butlers to compile and record guest preferences, like and dislikes, and to track it in preference sheet. To ensure through effective supervision that all services offered are always available, and provide alternatives Coordinate activities with other hotel departments in order to facilitate increased levels of communication and guest satisfaction. Responsible for promoting Palace facilities, services and product to the targeted guest group To assist Head Butler to resolve any issues. To meet and welcome most of the guests personally To interact with guests as much as possible, to ascertain preferences, dislikes and overall experiences at Fairmont Udaipur Palace. To regularly inspect the quality of service provided by all Butlers, and to ensure that all services are delivered according to standard To share with Head Butler any complaints, guests comments and problems. To take appropriate action to resolve guests complaints (Housekeeping, Butlers, Front Desk, Concierge and Laundry) To assist Front Office Department, Housekeeping Department and Food & Beverage Department for any basic requests to give quick and respond service to the guests. To maintain appropriate knowledge about local area, events happening in Udaipur & around the world To supervise butler pantries. To assist Head Butler for Operating Equipment inventory Check Butler s grooming in accordance with hotel standard. Work closely with Housekeeping to ensure correct room status at all times. To handle any DND room within 24 hours. Log security incidents and accidents in accordance with hotel policies and procedures Ensure all guests are being treated in an efficient and courteous manner that all Fairmont & Accor standards are being applied. To support the implementation of Fairmont core values Diploma in Tourism / Hospitality Management Minimum 2 years of relevant experience in a similar capacity Excellent reading, writing and oral proficiency in English language Ability to speak other languages and basic understanding of local languages will be an advantage Good working knowledge of MS Excel, Word, & PowerPoint

We are seeking a dynamic and results-driven Assistant Manager for our catering sales team in Mumbai, India. As an integral part of our organization, you will play a crucial role in driving sales growth, managing client relationships, and ensuring the success of our catering operations. Develop and implement effective sales strategies to attract new clients and retain existing ones Collaborate with the catering team to create customized menu proposals and event packages Conduct site visits and client meetings to understand their needs and preferences Prepare and present compelling sales presentations and proposals Negotiate contracts and ensure all terms are met Coordinate with internal teams to ensure smooth execution of catering events Monitor and analyze sales performance, preparing regular reports for management Assist in training and mentoring junior sales staff Stay updated on industry trends and competitor activities to maintain a competitive edge Ensure compliance with food safety regulations and company policies 3-5 years of experience in catering sales or a related field Proven track record of meeting or exceeding sales targets Bachelors degree in Hospitality Management, Business Administration, or related field (preferred) Food Safety Certification (required) Proficiency in customer relationship management (CRM) software Strong knowledge of catering industry trends, food and beverage, and event planning Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Demonstrated leadership and team management abilities Proficient in menu planning, budgeting, and financial management Strong problem-solving and decision-making skills Ability to work flexible hours, including evenings and weekends as needed Fluency in English; knowledge of local languages is a plus

We are seeking a dynamic and experienced AM-Outlet to join our team. You will be responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of our food and beverage outlet, ensuring exceptional customer service, and driving financial performance. Manage and optimize inventory levels and stock control to minimize waste and maximize resources Develop and implement strategies to increase revenue and profitability of the outlet Prepare and analyze financial reports, taking corrective actions as necessary Oversee staffing levels to meet operational demands and special events efficiently Ensure high standards of food quality, presentation, and customer service Conduct regular team briefings and training sessions to enhance product knowledge and service skills Maintain and update guest history records to facilitate personalized service for repeat customers Ensure compliance with food safety and hygiene standards Manage the outlets budget, controlling costs without compromising quality Collaborate with other departments to support overall business objectives Resolve customer complaints promptly and professionally Implement and monitor promotional activities to drive sales and customer engagement Stay informed about local food and beverage trends in Bangalore and incorporate them into the outlets offerings Bachelors degree in Hospitality Management, Business Administration, or related field Minimum of 2 years of experience as an Outlet Manager or 5+ years of progressive experience in food and beverage management Strong financial acumen with experience in budgeting and financial reporting Excellent customer service skills with a focus on creating memorable guest experiences Proficiency in inventory management and point-of-sale systems In-depth knowledge of food and beverage trends, quality standards, and health regulations Ability to work flexible hours, including evenings, weekends, and holidays Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Fluency in English; knowledge of Tamil or other local languages is a plus Strong problem-solving skills and ability to make quick, informed decisions Familiarity with Indian cuisine and cultural preferences Demonstrated ability to lead and motivate a team in a fast-paced environment Strong organizational skills and attention to detail

As a Team Leader in our hospitality division located in Gurugram, you will play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth daily operations to deliver outstanding guest experiences, supervise the team, enhance staff performance, and maintain high service quality standards. Your responsibilities will involve overseeing team members, providing training, and upholding a superior level of cleanliness and efficiency. To excel in this role, you must possess strong leadership qualities and effective communication skills. Your ability to lead by example and motivate your team will be essential to drive success in this dynamic and fast-paced environment. This is a full-time position with benefits such as Provident Fund, yearly bonus, and a day shift schedule. The ideal candidate should preferably have completed their Higher Secondary education (12th Pass) and be willing to work on-site at the designated location. If you are passionate about hospitality, have a knack for leadership, and are committed to delivering exceptional service, we welcome you to join our team as a Team Leader and be a part of our dedicated workforce.,

Key Responsibilities: Greet and assist patrons courteously, ensuring a welcoming and pleasant environment. Address patron queries, requests, and concerns promptly to achieve high satisfaction levels. Coordinate with internal teams to quickly resolve issues and enhance service delivery. Monitor service areas for cleanliness, safety, and comfort at all times. Support and guide junior team members or service staff to maintain consistent service standards. Assist in organizing special events, promotions, and patron engagement activities. Collect and share patron feedback to help improve services. Desired Skills & Qualifications: Graduate in any discipline (freshers are welcome). Up to 2 years of experience, preferably in hotel, restaurant, hospitality, or customer service roles. Good communication and interpersonal skills. Friendly, approachable personality with a proactive attitude. Ability to manage and motivate a small team effectively. Willingness to work in rotational shifts, including weekends and holidays. Strong problem-solving skills and ability to handle multiple tasks calmly. What We Offer: Dynamic and supportive work environment. On-the-job training and development. Opportunity to build a career in customer experience and hospitality. Be part of a team focused on delighting every patron. Interested candidate can apply via Phone number - 7708390529 Name - Ms. Sneha

We are looking for a Guest Relations Executive with a strong background in hospitality and customer service. The ideal candidate should possess: Role & responsibilities Guest Interaction & Experience: Welcome guests, assist with check-in/check-out, and ensure a seamless stay experience. Customer Service: Address guest inquiries, complaints, and special requests efficiently. Facility Coordination: Work closely with the housekeeping, food & beverage, and maintenance teams to meet guest needs. Hospitality Standards: Maintain high service standards and ensure compliance with company policies. Issue Resolution: Handle guest concerns proactively and escalate unresolved issues to management. Event & Activity Coordination: Assist in organizing guest activities and events. MIS & Reporting: Maintain records of guest feedback, complaints, and service improvements. VIP & Special Guest Handling: Ensure premium services for high-profile guests. Preferred candidate profile Education: Bachelors degree/Diploma in Hospitality, Hotel Management, or a related field. Experience: 1-5 years of experience in guest relations, front office, or customer service (preferably in hotels, resorts, or corporate facilities). Industry Background: Experience in hospitality, aviation, luxury service, or customer-facing roles is a plus. Additional Preferences: Willingness to Relocate Candidates must be open to relocating to Valsad, Gujarat (Accommodation & Food Provided).

Minimum qualifications: Bachelor s degree in Hospitality Management, Business Administration, or related field, or equivalent practical experience. 10 years of experience in workplace programs or related area (e.g. Food and Events operations). Preferred qualifications: 15 years of experience in workplace programs managing Food and Events operations, or related areas. Ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously. Ability to create a workplace culture. About the job The Real Estate and Workplace Services (REWS) team creates inspiring spaces and innovative services that bring Google s culture and values to life. We build and maintain all aspects of what keeps our Googley workspaces operating seamlessly across multiple cities and regions globally. We also manage the industry-leading services that help make Google a great place to work -- from how we design healthy and collaborative workspaces, create energizing food experiences, provide convenient transportation and fitness options, to delivering environments where Google and our employees can thrive. Responsibilities Manage day-to-day operations related to Food services, ensuring quality, variety, and cost-effectiveness. Plan and execute internal events, including logistics, vendor management, and attendee experience. Support Health and Performance programs, promoting employee well-being and engagement. Monitor and report on program metrics, providing data-driven insights for improvement. Coordinate with various stakeholders to ensure seamless program delivery. Maintain vendor relationships and negotiate agreements as needed. Ensure compliance with company policies and regulations.

Responsibilities: * Manage hostel operations & staff supervision * Ensure guest satisfaction through hospitality services * Oversee housekeeping & facility maintenance * Coordinate warden activities & events Food allowance

Bangalore Baptist Hospital is looking for Food & Beverage Manager to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Plan and coordinate food and beverage operations, including menus, recipes, service standards, and pricing Manage staff, including hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluation Oversee food and beverage production, ensuring quality and consistency Manage inventory and purchasing, ensuring adequate supplies and minimizing waste Develop and implement marketing and promotional strategies to attract new customers and increase sales Monitor financial performance, including revenue, expenses, and profitability, and take corrective action as necessary Ensure compliance with health, safety, and sanitation regulations and standards Maintain positive relationships with customers, responding to feedback and resolving complaints Coordinate with other departments, such as sales, marketing, and operations, to ensure smooth operations and a positive customer experience Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Strong leadership and problem-solving skills

Key Responsibilities: Meal Service Management: Serve food to employees. Ensure clean, organized, and fully stocked serving counters before and during meal hours. Follow portion control standards while serving. Dining Area Management: Keep the dining area clean, tidy, and ready for use at all times. Clear plates, clean tables, and ensure proper seating arrangements after each batch. Refill water stations, condiments, and accompaniments regularly. Customer Service: Greet employees politely and respond to meal-related queries courteously. Handle basic complaints and escalate major concerns to the Kitchen Manager immediately. Maintain a friendly and professional demeanor at all times. Cleanliness & Hygiene: Maintain personal hygiene and wear proper service uniforms (gloves, cap, apron). Ensure all serving utensils and surfaces are sanitized regularly. Follow all SOPs related to food handling and service hygiene. Support Kitchen Operations: Coordinate with kitchen staff to manage refills from the kitchen to serving counters. Inform the chef or manager immediately in case of food shortages or delays. Assist during food audits or safety inspections. Qualifications: Minimum 10th pass; Diploma in Hospitality or Hotel Management is a plus. Prior experience in food counters, restaurants, mess, or corporate cafeterias is preferred. Skills & Competencies: Basic communication in Hindi/English. Pleasant personality and team-oriented attitude. Fast and efficient work approach during peak hours. Understanding of basic food safety and hygiene. Physically fit for standing and walking during service hours.

Role & responsibilities Responsibilities: Oversee daily operations and ensure smooth functioning of the Food Court. Manage staff performance and customer service excellence. Handle budgeting, inventory, and financial reporting. Implement health and safety regulations. Preferred candidate profile Minimum 5 years of experience in QSR. Strong leadership, problem-solving skills, Process Orientation, Growth Mindset, Mobility Degree/Diploma in Hospitality Management (preferred).

The Hotel Manager is responsible for overseeing the daily operations and overall management of the hotel to ensure exceptional guest experiences, operational efficiency, and profitability.

9560883642 # Front Desk Executive @ Required for Multi Speciality Hospital * Qualification- Any Graduate/ Any Postgraduate * Position- Front Desk Executive for Hospital * Salary- Negotiable * Location- Navi Mumbai * Preferred Female Candidate * Candidate Should be fluent in English and Comfortable with Rotational Shifts *Experience Required- Front Desk Executive from Hospital/ Medical Services/ Hospitality If Interested please call/Whatsapp on 9560883642 Email- hr3pathfinders@gmail.com You can share your CV on WhatsApp as well Thanks & Regards HR Baljinder Kaur 9560883642

Role & responsibilities As the Assistant Facility Manager, you will support seamless day-to-day maintenance of all hotel systems electrical, plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, and water treatment while implementing robust preventive maintenance schedules and overseeing timely reactive repairs to minimize guest impact .Youll conduct regular inspections across guest rooms, public areas, and back-of-house zones to proactively identify and resolve issues. Ensuring full compliance with health, safety, fire, and environmental regulations will be critical, as you maintain licenses and certifications and enforce emergency preparedness protocols. You will manage relationships with vendors and contractors—from scoping and contracting to monitoring service-level agreements and performance—while overseeing soft services including housekeeping, front desk, concierge, mailroom, and helpdesk support, Finally, you will support budget planning and cost control for maintenance, utilities, and capital projects, recommending energy-efficient practices and ensuring financial stewardship of facility operations.

Roles and Responsibilities Teach undergraduate and postgraduate students in hotel management courses such as F&B Service, Food Production, Food & Beverage Control, Housekeeping, Front Office Operations, Sales & Marketing, and Hospitality Management. Develop course materials and assessments to ensure effective learning outcomes. Conduct research in areas related to hospitality industry trends and best practices. Collaborate with other faculty members to develop curriculum for new programs or courses. Participate in departmental meetings and contribute to school development initiatives.

Job description This is a full-time on-site role for a General Manager at Lchang Nang Retreat located in Nubra Valley Ladakh .The General Manager will be responsible for overseeing all aspects of the retreat including Managing/training staff Creating and implementing SOPs across departments Regular staff meetings to review set targets Ensuring guest satisfaction Overseeing finances Online reputation management Maintaining the property Marketing the retreat to potential guests and partners. Local Liasoning for curating local experiences & maintaining relationships. Qualifications Leadership and Management skills Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Strong financial management and budgeting skills Experience in the hospitality industry Vendor management skills Online reputation management Marketing and Sales skills Excellent organizational skills and attention to detail Ability to work under pressure and handle multiple tasks simultaneously Excellent problem solving and decision-making skills Bachelors degree in Hospitality Management, Business Administration, or related field Experience living and working in remote locations is a plus

Job description This is a full-time on-site role for an Assistant Experience Manager at Lchang Nang Retreat located in Nubra. This role requires someone with great interest in exploring cultures, people and nature. A person who is curious and innovative in creating bespoke experiences /products. The Assistant Experience Manager will be responsible for ensuring a seamless and exceptional guest experience from arrival to departure and for curating & selling Signature Experiences at the property. The Assistant Experience Manager will oversee all aspects of customer service and Signature experience, manage the Experiences on-site and take inventory, and communicate effectively with staff and guests. Qualifications Sales & Marketing: ability to sell and market the Signature Experiences to the potential guests. Analytical Skills: ability to analyze customer data and performance metrics to identify opportunities for improvement Communication: ability to communicate effectively with guests and staff, including the ability to speak multiple languages Customer Service: ability to deliver exceptional customer service & handle customer grievances. Customer Experience: ability to design and deliver exceptional guest experiences throughout their stay Project Management: ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously and prioritize tasks accordingly Attention to detail: ability to ensure that all guest accommodations, Signature Experiences, and meals are perfectly organized and delivered flawlessly Bachelors degree in Hospitality Management, Business Administration, or a creative field 2+ years of experience in the hospitality industry with a focus on customer service and customer experience Experience living or working in Ladakh is a plus.

Role Summary: The Principal will be responsible for the overall academic and administrative leadership of Chennais Amirta Hotel Management College. This includes curriculum development, faculty management, student welfare, industry partnerships, and ensuring the college maintains its reputation for excellence . Key Responsibilities: Academic Leadership: Oversee the development, implementation, and review of academic programs to ensure they meet industry standards and student needs. Promote innovative teaching methodologies and a student-centric learning environment. Ensure academic quality, accreditation, and regulatory compliance. Administrative Management: Manage the day-to-day operations of the college, including budgeting, resource allocation, and facility management. Develop and implement college policies and procedures. Oversee student admissions, registration, and academic records. Faculty Development & Management: Recruit, train, mentor, and evaluate faculty members. Foster a collaborative and supportive environment for faculty growth and development. Ensure effective faculty performance and adherence to academic standards. Student Welfare & Development: Oversee student services, including counseling, career guidance, and extracurricular activities. Promote a positive and inclusive campus culture. Address student grievances and ensure a conducive learning environment. Industry Liaison & Partnerships: Forge and maintain strong relationships with leading hotels, resorts, and hospitality organizations for internships, placements, and industry collaborations. Identify and capitalize on opportunities for industry-academia interaction, research, and consultancy projects. Stay abreast of industry trends and integrate them into the curriculum. Strategic Planning & Growth: Develop and implement the college's strategic plan, aligning with its vision and mission. Identify opportunities for growth, expansion, and diversification of programs. Represent the college at various forums, conferences, and industry events. Qualifications & Experience: Mandatory: A Master's degree or Ph.D. in Hotel Management, Hospitality Management, or a closely related field. Extensive experience (minimum 10-15 years) in the hospitality industry, with a significant portion in a leadership or managerial role within hotels or academic institutions. Proven experience in academic administration, curriculum development, and faculty management, preferably in a hotel management college. Strong understanding of the latest trends, technologies, and best practices in the global hospitality sector. Demonstrated ability to build and maintain strong industry connections. Skills & Attributes: Exceptional leadership and strategic thinking abilities. Excellent communication, interpersonal, and presentation skills. Strong organizational and problem-solving skills. A passion for education and a commitment to student success. Ability to inspire, motivate, and mentor faculty and students. High level of integrity and professionalism. Regards, Raja ( 8939300900) HR Team

Hiring for 5 Star Luxury Hotel Jobs IN Canada If you are interested for this profile Call Hr Janvi on +91-9240234024 Hot lines number Salary:- Upto 1.50Lac per month REQUIREMENTS: 1. Qualification Minimum 12th pass 2. Age 20-35 Years 3. Must Have Good communication skills 4. Must have passport Key Responsibilities:- Welcoming guests to the restaurant or dining area. Listening to customers food and drink orders and ensuring accuracy. Delivering food and drink orders to the correct tables in a timely and professional manner. Engaging with guests to ensure they are satisfied with their meals. Coordinating with the kitchen, bartenders, and other team members to ensure smooth service. If you are interested for this profile Call Hr Janvi on +91-9240234024 Hot lines number Or Directly walk in On Below Mentioned Address CITA IMMIGRATION Head Office:-Corporate Tower- 2nd Floor, Dwarka Mor Metro Station, Opposite Metro Pillar No 766, New Delhi - 110059 Branch Office:- Building no 36 Second floor Above Domino's Pizza, Near Ahuja Sweets, HUDA Sector 11-12, Panipat ( Haryana)- 132103 Website :www.cita.co.in

Oversee the seamless functioning of our sports centers and retail stores Facility Management Sales n Service Quality Assurance Training Schedule Optimization Retail Team Oversight Inventory Management Staff Availability Customer Satisfaction Travel allowance Sales incentives Food allowance

Key Responsibilities: 1. Front Office Management: Greet and welcome clients, visitors, and vendors in a courteous and professional manner. Manage the front desk and maintain a neat, organized reception area. Answer incoming calls, take messages, and redirect them as needed. Maintain the visitors register and issue visitor passes as per protocol. Manage appointment schedules and inform relevant staff of client meetings. 2. Client Handling & Feedback: Warmly greet clients during office visits and offer assistance. Provide basic information about the companys services and direct inquiries to appropriate departments. Regularly follow up with clients for feedback on service quality and satisfaction. Document and share client feedback with the operations/management team for improvement. Build positive relationships with clients through courteous interaction. 3. Administrative Support: Handle day-to-day administrative tasks such as filing, scanning, photocopying, and maintaining office records. Maintain and update employee attendance logs and coordinate with the HR department. Track and manage inventory of office and pantry supplies. Assist in preparing reports, letters, and official documentation. Support internal communications and distribution of circulars, notices, etc. Coordinate courier/dispatch of official documents. 4. Coordination Tasks: Coordinate with field staff and security supervisors for routine updates and support. Schedule and confirm meetings for internal departments and client discussions. Assist in organizing company events, training sessions, or audits as needed. 5. Compliance & Confidentiality: Ensure client and employee data confidentiality is maintained at all times. Follow all company protocols, safety guidelines, and standard operating procedures. Key Skills Required: Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Strong customer service orientation Good organizational and multitasking abilities Proficiency in MS Office (Word, Excel, Outlook) Ability to handle sensitive information with discretion Fluency in English, Hindi, and regional language (as needed)

Job vacancy in VEDAANTA SENIOR LIVING PVT LTD website: http://www.vedaanta.com Brief about the organization Vedaanta Senior Living is a specialist senior care company run by successful professionals who have grown India’s largest chain and brand in senior care housing. Founded in 2015, Vedaanta's vision is to provide superior care and comfort at an affordable cost to seniors. From a modest beginning in 2015, Vedaanta has become one of the fastest-growing companies in the senior living sector within 10 years, with more than 10 communities. Our central objective at Vedaanta is to create hassle-free lifestyle solutions for the elderly by developing senior-friendly retirement communities and facilitating essential, emergency, basic, comfort, lifestyle, and advisory services so that seniors can retire to begin life! Job Title: General Manager – Services (for Premium Senior Living Communities) Reports to: Director Location: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala (Includes travel to communities in Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Kochi, and Hosur, as well as any new communities that may be added) Experience Required: 10+ years in hospitality, facility management, or community operations, preferably in senior living or premium residential sectors. Position Overview: The General Manager – Services is responsible for ensuring the consistent delivery of high-quality services across all Vedaanta Senior Living Communities. This is a leadership role that involves frequent travel, operational excellence, training, audits, and ensuring resident satisfaction across locations. Key Responsibilities 1. Operations & Service Quality Oversee day-to-day services across all communities (Housekeeping, F&B, Security, Maintenance, Wellness, Emergency Response, Caretaker Services). Conduct regular audits to ensure compliance with SOPs and service excellence benchmarks. Ensure each community delivers seamless services tailored to senior citizens’ needs. 2. Resident Experience & Engagement Monitor resident satisfaction levels through direct interaction, feedback mechanisms, and corrective action plans. Collaborate with resident managers to enhance daily engagement and well-being programs. 3. Team Management & Training Lead, train, and support site-level service teams to maintain consistency and quality. Develop capability of on-site teams through structured training and mentoring. Promote a culture of empathy, hospitality, and professionalism. 4.Process & Compliance Implement and monitor standard operating procedures (SOPs) across all communities. Ensure statutory compliance in health, safety, and service operations. Drive hygiene and safety protocols especially relevant to elderly care. 5. Continuous Improvement & Reporting Identify service improvement opportunities based on resident feedback and internal evaluations. Present periodic reports to the Director on service performance, challenges, and action taken. Core Competence: Education: Graduate/Postgraduate in Hospitality Management/ Facility Management / Healthcare or related field. Experience: 10+ years in hospitality, facility management, or community operations, preferably in senior living or premium residential sectors. Strong understanding of elderly care needs, service customization, and emotional intelligence. Willingness to travel frequently and be hands-on at the community level. Strong leadership, communication, and interpersonal skills. Preferred Traits Empathy and sensitivity to the needs of seniors. Process-oriented and quality-driven. Energetic, proactive, and responsive. Fluent in English; knowledge of regional languages is an added advantage.

10hrs per + accommodation

- International Voice and Email process - Rotational shifts and offs - 5 days working and 2 week offs - Both side cab facilities - Subsidised meal facility - Salary upto 22k for freshers and 25k for experienced candidates - Graduation mandatory Required Candidate profile - Graduation mandatory - Candidate must be excellent in speaking english - Must be open to relocate if not in the hiring zone - Must be okay with rotational shifts

Role & responsibilities Greet guest warmly and professionally upon arrival Address guest queries and concerns promptly with positive attitude Coordinate with the other department Monitor guest satisfaction and ensure all hospitality standard are met Handle complains and escalate issues when necessary Preferred candidate profile Female candidate are preferred minimum 4 - 7 years in hospitality sector Graduate + Hotel management course is mandatory