236 Phd Jobs - Page 6

You should have a NET/SLET/Ph.D in English language and literature.,

Lead a Senior Position / Principal / Dean along with responsibilities of teaching a requisite number of classes, providing guidance and supervision to graduate students, participate in meetings, and providing academic support to other faculty.

SCMS, Nagpur, is currently offering the BBA Honours/Honours with Research programme with specializations in Marketing, Finance, and Human Resource Management. We are seeking Assistant Professors for the marketing management and Finance areas. Applicants must hold a PhD and have publications indexed in SCOPUS/Web of Science. Candidates with prior experience in esteemed educational institutions will be given due consideration. The ideal candidate should possess a passion for guiding and mentoring students, and be willing to work in Nagpur, Maharashtra. Immediate joiners are preferred for this position.,

As an Associate Professor at Govt. Girls Inter College Patwai, Rampur U. P., you will be responsible for teaching chemistry courses to students pursuing their M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees. You will create and deliver lectures, conduct laboratory sessions, and assess student performance to ensure understanding and mastery of the subject matter. Additionally, you will be expected to mentor and guide students in their academic and research pursuits, as well as participate in departmental activities and initiatives. A strong background in chemistry, excellent communication skills, and a passion for education are essential for success in this role.,

The Assistant Professor position requires a candidate with a PhD, M.tech, or B.tech in Biotechnology. The ideal candidate should have a minimum of 5-15 years of relevant experience. This is a full-time position with a day shift schedule. The successful candidate must be willing to commute or relocate to Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Prior experience of 1 year is preferred. The work location for this role is in person.,

- Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - MS/PhD in Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Computational biology or similar, with a strong publication record. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Proven experience in drug discovery and development is essential preferably in industrial setting - Expertise in the use of a high-level programming language such as R, Python or Perl for complex data analysis. - Programming, web application programming, or relational database experience are pluses. - Proven expertise in defining and validating computational approaches to generate hypotheses using multivariate, Bayesian and machine learning approaches - Ability to generate in-silico experimental workflows and in-depth knowledge in proprietary and public biological databases, methods and tools.

Designation: Computational Biologist Full Time Opportunity Location: Full Time Job Description: - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - MS/PhD in Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Computational biology or similar, with a strong publication record. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Proven experience in drug discovery and development is essential preferably in industrial setting - Expertise in the use of a high-level programming language such as R, Python or Perl for complex data analysis. - Programming, web application programming, or relational database experience are pluses. - Proven expertise in defining and validating computational approaches to generate hypotheses using multivariate, Bayesian and machine learning approaches - Ability to generate in-silico experimental workflows and in-depth knowledge in proprietary and public biological databases, methods and tools.

Designation: Computational Biologist Full Time Opportunity Required skills : - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - MS/PhD in Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Computational biology or similar, with a strong publication record. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Proven experience in drug discovery and development is essential preferably in industrial setting - Expertise in the use of a high-level programming language such as R, Python or Perl for complex data analysis. - Programming, web application programming, or relational database experience are pluses. - Proven expertise in defining and validating computational approaches to generate hypotheses using multivariate, Bayesian and machine learning approaches - Ability to generate in-silico experimental workflows and in-depth knowledge in proprietary and public biological databases, methods and tools.

Designation: Computational Biologist Full Time Opportunity Location: Full Time Job Description: - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - MS/PhD in Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Computational biology or similar, with a strong publication record. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Proven experience in drug discovery and development is essential preferably in industrial setting - Expertise in the use of a high-level programming language such as R, Python or Perl for complex data analysis. - Programming, web application programming, or relational database experience are pluses. - Proven expertise in defining and validating computational approaches to generate hypotheses using multivariate, Bayesian and machine learning approaches - Ability to generate in-silico experimental workflows and in-depth knowledge in proprietary and public biological databases, methods and tools.

RV Educational Institutions are inviting applications for SSMRV Degree College for the position of Assistant Professor in Commerce. The Assistant Professors' responsibilities include teaching a requisite number of classes, providing guidance and supervision to graduate students, participating in departmental meetings, and providing academic support to Professors and other faculty members. You should be able to pace your lessons and publish articles regularly. Roles and Responsibilities: 1) Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate and/or graduate students on topics such as financial accounting, principles of marketing, and operations management. 2) Assisting with various departmental duties and providing academic support to professors and other staff. 3) Evaluate and grade students class work, assignments, and papers 4) Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. 5) Providing Professors and departmental Heads with feedback on student progress. 6) Attending faculty and departmental meetings and voicing concerns or providing suggestions for improvement. Job Requirements: Department: Bcom Designation: Associate/Assistant Professor Education: Ph.D. in Commerce or Ph.D. pursuing, M.Phil, M.Com Additional Qualification: NET / K-SET / SLET preferable Current Location: Bengaluru ( Mandatory ) Experience: Min 5 years as UG / PG Faculty Skill Sets: Publications, Paper presentations, and Consultancy

Develop, review, and edit academic content, study materials, case studies, assignments, research papers, and articles. Ensure content quality, originality, and academic integrity as per university standards. Required Candidate profile PhD Completed in Management / IT / Computer Science / Humanities (recent or awaiting viva result acceptable). Excellent written and verbal communication skills in English.

Anatomy Community Medicine Physiology General Medicine biochemistry Pedia pharmacology Skin pathology psy microbiology General Surgery orthopedics Obst & Gyne ENT Opthomolgy

Associate Professor for Micro Biology, General Surgery & Bio chemistry. Professor for Anatomy & Forensic Medicine 9451802744 9415408154

This is a full-time on-site role for an Professors | Associate Professors | Assistant Professor for School Of Computers The Teaching FACULTY will be responsible for conducting lectures, preparing course materials, grading assignments and exams, providing guidance mentoring and Skill development to students, and conducting research in their field of expertise. Responsibilities: Curriculum Development: Designing and developing undergraduate and postgraduate courses in computer science and related fields. Lecture Delivery: Delivering engaging lectures on various computer science topics, such as programming, data structures, algorithms, database systems, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cybersecurity. Lab Sessions: Conducting practical laboratory sessions to provide hands-on experience to students. Student Guidance: Providing academic guidance and mentoring to students. Evaluation: Assessing student performance through exams, assignments, and projects. Research Responsibilities: Research Projects: Conducting independent research in their area of specialization. Publication: Publishing research papers in reputable academic journals and conferences. Grant Acquisition: Securing research grants to fund research projects. Supervision: Supervising research scholars and postgraduate students. Post Ph.D with a minimum of 0- 1 years of teaching experience in Academia / Research /Industry _

Designation: Computational Biologist Full Time Opportunity Location: Full Time Job Description: - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - MS/PhD in Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Computational biology or similar, with a strong publication record. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Experience in computational biology and bioinformatics related areas is a must. - A strong understanding of statistical principles behind the current best practices in computational biology - Proven experience in drug discovery and development is essential preferably in industrial setting - Expertise in the use of a high-level programming language such as R, Python or Perl for complex data analysis. - Programming, web application programming, or relational database experience are pluses. - Proven expertise in defining and validating computational approaches to generate hypotheses using multivariate, Bayesian and machine learning approaches - Ability to generate in-silico experimental workflows and in-depth knowledge in proprietary and public biological databases, methods and tools. Location - Bangalore,Cochin,Kochi,Hyderabad,Karnataka,Kerala,Telangana

Job description Prepare curriculum and instruction for the Computer science department Plan and execute department events and activities. Mentor students in their academic achievement and future prospects. Deliver class room Lecture / Lab Sessions on Computer Science (CSE) Core Subjects such as Programming / DBMS / OS / Networks Arranging guest lectures & workshops for the students in the department. Formulating the most prestigious and well-balanced academic program that encourages research as well as addresses the industry's needs Articulating and promoting scholarly excellence culminating into meaningful products and services for the marketplace and society Improvising and adopting the best practices from the top universities and corporations in the world Providing leadership to earn recognition for the department, including participation in conferences, events, and competitions Establishing a strong internship and placement program within the department Other responsibilities include, but are not limited to fiscal planning, resource allocation, performance evaluations, cultivating a vibrant work culture, etc Eligibility M.Tech /MCA Published works would be advantageous. Strong analytical, observational, and problem-solving skills. Excellent research, writing, and interpersonal skills. A passion for teaching/training/research and engaging with students.

Role & responsibilities Supporting R&D Activities: Supporting the software development team in executing proof of concept studies and contributing to the development process to create the final solution or product. Reviewing and Signing off User Stories: Collaborating with subject matter experts and the development team to review user stories, ensuring alignment with desired business outcomes. Signing off on requirements based on the anticipated business benefits that the execution of those stories and epics will deliver. Showcasing Product Releases: Presenting product releases to stakeholders. Peer Reviewer for Scientific Review: Conducting scientific review and editing of research papers. Supporting Marketing/Business Development: Offering product and innovation expertise to support marketing and business development efforts. Participating in Prioritization and Planning Meetings: Actively participating in stakeholder meetings to triage and offer insights that assist in prioritizing and preparing the product roadmap for projects. Bridging Business Development and Product Development: Serving as a liaison between these two teams. Product Testing: Engaging in testing activities, including either direct testing or providing support to SMEs, QAs, and developers in testing the product before the final release. Offering domain expertise to assist QAs in writing effective test cases. Preferred candidate profile Ph.D. in a relevant field (e.g., biology, chemistry, physics, etc.). 10+ yrs of experience as Research Associate or Research Scientist. Proven experience in designing and conducting experiments or research projects. Proficiency in data analysis and statistical software/tools. Strong analytical and problem-solving skills. Excellent written and verbal communication skills. Ability to work independently and collaboratively in a team environment. Demonstrated publication record in reputable scientific journals is preferred. Track record of publications in reputable scientific journals. Interested candidates can share their updated resume at hr@icodexsolutions.com.

Looking for Freshers with Master's or PhD in Science and Accounting/Finance for the Project Manager role. Interested candidates can share resume at akansha.shukla@luminad.com/ 9600437294

Job Profile Research Executive/ associate/AM R&D Location - Ghaziabad / Roorkee / Bharuch Key Responsibilities: Exposure in synthesis of water based emulsion polymer (VAM acrylate/styrene acrylate/pure acrylate/SBR/PUD etc.) and its applications (carpet/construction/paints/coating/adhesive/textile) Evaluation of competitions product Evaluation of RMs/vendor development Assist in Scale up/technical support as per need Prepare documentation/records as per ISO standards/TDS /MSDS Should be well versed with new technique of Literature search/patents Good exposure in handling Polymer related instruments/equipment/its maintenance/calibrations Performing quality controls for all instruments. To check any outlier in Internal Quality control & perform root cause analysis & Corrective action & to document. To understand the non-conformance and take corrective & preventive action & report to department In charge. Provide any valuable inputs to the management for better and quality service . Participate in training and evaluation in the department Should have good skill in report making /PPT/MS office etc. Qualifications & Key Requirements: MSc Chemistry/B Tech/ M.Tech (polymer/paint)/ PhD.(polymer),Minimum 02 - 08 years of working experience An analytical mind with problem-solving skills Excellent in Trouble Shooting. Excellent organizational and multitasking abilities A team player and able to work with all levels of Management Salary Range Depending on Experience

Post : Manager - Laboratory Experienced : 6 -10 Yrs Education :BSC-MLT, DMLT, MSC, or Concerned Degree & Diploma Industry : Hospital Location : Gurgaon ( Park Hospital, Sector-47, Gurgaon) Salary : As per industry Job description & Responsibilities: Provides medical laboratory diagnostic and therapeutic information, products, and services. Adheres to specimen preparation procedures. Establishes quality standards to maintain medical laboratory equipment performance. Keeps supplies stocked by determining inventory level. Maintains medical laboratory productivity by monitoring the workload of functional areas. Achieves quality results by participating in the hospital quality assurance program. identifies informational needs to manage medical laboratory information systems. Maintains medical laboratory staff by recruiting, selecting, orienting, and training employees. Completes operational requirements by scheduling and assigning employees. Counsels and disciplines employees as needed to achieve productivity Manages highly specialist diagnostic clinical technical services in support of patient care. Responsible for the maintenance of high standards in analytical performance and monitoring by quality control. Responsible for ensuring safe use of expensive, highly complex laboratory equipment, stock control and management of laboratory budget. To ensure the laboratory has an innovative approach to service delivery, To be responsible for, directly or by delegation, a wide range of managerial and administrative duties including staff rosters, work schedules, appraisals, absence monitoring, report writing and contribution to or writing of business cases. Provides reports, documents and presentations commensurate with role within department To ensure that Health and Safety standards are maintained. To demonstrate a positive attitude to the work of the laboratory, colleagues and service users, responding to requests for information in a polite, helpful and concise manner. To participate in an annual Personal Development Review/appraisal process as well as all necessary mandatory training. As part of the PDR process the post holders involvement and contribution to Quality Management will be reviewed along with their understanding Perform other appropriate duties to the grade as required by the Service Manager on an ad hoc basis. Establishes and maintains policies regarding safe use of the facilities and equipment. Ability and drive to solve practical problems Good knowledge of NABL & NABH, Manuals, Standards Interested candidates can attend direct interview at 11am at the hospital or apply through naukari portal. Regards HR Team

MIET (Autonomous) is Hiring: Professors, Associate Professors and Assistant Professors MIET (Autonomous) is actively recruiting highly qualified candidates to join our prestigious institution as Professor, Associate Professor, or Assistant Professor across various departments, including Engineering(CSE, ECE, EE, Civil) Computer Applications , Management(Finance, Marketing, HR, Operations) and Law . Candidates must meet the eligibility criteria prescribed by AICTE/UGC. We are looking for individuals with strong research credentials , including publications in SCI/SCIE/Scopus-indexed journals , and a passion for teaching through modern pedagogical approaches. Key Responsibilities: 1. Teaching and Curriculum Development Develop and deliver engaging lectures, seminars, and workshops . Develop and update course materials, including syllabi, assignments, and assessments, ensuring alignment with industry standards. Utilize innovative teaching methodologies , such as case studies, simulations, and experiential learning. Mentor and guide students in academic and career development . 2. Research & Scholarship Conduct high-quality research , leading to publications in top-tier journals and conference presentations. Seek external research funding through grants and collaborative projects. Collaborate with colleagues and institutions to advance interdisciplinary research . 3. Academic Service & Leadership Contribute to departmental committees, curriculum development, and strategic planning . Organize academic events , such as conferences, workshops, and seminars. Provide mentorship to junior faculty, adjunct instructors, and students. Represent MIET at professional conferences, industry forums, and academic associations . 4. Professional Development Stay updated on advancements in the field through continuous learning and professional development . Actively participate in academic and industry networks to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange. All additional guidelines and eligibility criteria are as per AICTE/UGC regulations published in the Gazette of India on March 1, 2019 . APPLY HERE: careers.mietjammu.in

Role & responsibilities RESPONSIBILITIES Product is maintained in constant state of validation Product history is documented and available and current since transfer from development to date Continuously improving CpK (process capability)/ Ppk (Process Performance) Degree of standardization of product process. Genotoxic and elemental impuirty assessment in all APIS Nitrosamine impuirty assessment Transport risk assessment Investigation and data analysis of Customer Complaints, Recalls, Recurring Deviations and OoS, OoE Out of Specification, Out of Expectation. Success rate of Health Authorities inspections. Completeness of Reg CMC dossier Effective CAPA. Continuously improving Yield. Technical reports executed on time and with the right expectations. Preferred candidate profile Transfer OUT process Provide the necessary data for the technical activities involved in transferring out a product, focusing on existing knowledge, through the appropriate documentation and supporting at the receiving site as needed. Investigations/improvement on product Initiate and support investigations and improvement projects (quality, efficiency), based on the above data analysis, involving cross-functional teams Actively participate and represent their product(s) in the relevant committee (e.g. Product Stewardship Committee), where the improvements on weak point products are planned, prioritised and monitored Ensure that technical batches generate sufficient process knowledge by thoroughly testing critical variables and use the output to verify critical process parameters Validation: Provide all necessary information to perform the validation documentation, align with stability expert and QC labs to organize the stability samples Supports Validation Lead and Experts to assess need and plan validations / re-validations / verifications / Annual Monitoring Batches, consulting approving and reviewing the process validation master plan, together with the Validation Lead or Validation Experts Approves both Validation Protocols and Report Testing Monograph oversight: Ensure oversight on Testing Monograph, liaising with Analytical Services to ensure consistency of content Change control: Ensure oversight of technical changes and lead end- to- end change control management related to technical issues, working cross- functionally as required. Training: Own the Training Curriculum for its Job Profile and provides the necessary training and support to new associates joining this position Regulatory Filings: Act as the interface for the site with the relevant Health Authorities for technical issues. Review and releases regulatory proposals or information required for regulatory filings. Genotoxic impuirty assessment, Nitrosamine impuirty assessment, Elemental impuirty assessment and Transport risk assessment report. Audit support: Maintain their work in inspection readiness level and to provide the necessary support in any internal or external audit Key process safety related roles and responsibilities Responsible for the safe operation of one or more processes and the appropriate training of the operators in the process. Facilitate team which carries out ZHA before introducing the process. Prepare overall plan for Integrated Management System documentation, control and its implementation within the department in close coordination with respective HODs including implementation of Olon Health, Safety & Environment system as per CHSE guidelines. As appropriate, responsible for implementation of, compliance to and governance of practices specifically prescribed to this role by the Novartis Manufacturing Manual. Perks and benefits

Role & responsibilities Candidate will be working as "Research Consultant" in marketing/management/finance/HR domain and should have clear understanding of research methodology, conceptual framework, data analysis and related concepts. Candidate will need to discuss with research scholars about their research and prepare research design and consult such scholars. Preferred candidate profile PhD in Marketing/Finance/HR/SupplyChain or PhD in Management with complete understanding of research, methodology and research writing. Perks and benefits Salary + PF + Incentives + Grocery Vouchers

We, at Cogito, are looking for someone with a zeal and flair to curate knowledge pieces and writings on how Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning & NLP have taken automation & efficiencies in various industries by storm and how these ever shape-shifting technologies are surprising humans themselves everyday. Cogito Technologies, having a strong presence in USA and its delivery center in Delhi NCR, India, specializes in Human Empowered Automation. Our mission is to help our customers innovate and scale by solving their day-to-day data needs. Using our skilled on-demand workforce, we partner with Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Technology and ecommerce clients to develop high-quality data sets used to build and enhance various cutting-edge business applications. Cogito is currently working on Artificial Intelligence applications in Annotation work and is looking to engage with "Content Manager" to participate in ongoing projects. The Role Being Content manager you will be working closely with a team to read, write, summarize knowledge, and interpret meaning. Think of it like being a language arts teacher or a personal tutor for some of the world's most influential technology. Assist with development of Large Language Models Assist with development of Generative AI applications Evaluate and Grade responses of LLM models Content Summarization Model evaluation Model alignment Efficient inference Classification and categorization Sentiment analysis Multimodal model question-answering systems Skills Set: Fluent to native English writing and reading skills required University to Masters degree 8-15 years of extensive experience working as Content Writer Ability to answer free-form prompts (questions) across a general scope of topics Ability to reference online resources and rephrase and write cohesive, accurate, responsive, and sometimes empathetic answers to the prompts in the perspective of an AI model Proven track record working on other projects requiring free form sentence creation Ability to answer specialized domain free-form prompts at university-level difficulty Ability to provide cohesive explanations to their prompt responses (E.g., explaining the process of solving a given math question, listing out the detailed process for a software question, etc.) Extra Added advantage if you have: Up-to-date knowledge on US culture and news. Knowledge of various NLP tasks and algorithms, such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, text classification, machine translation, and language generation. The Person This is a technology job that accommodates humanities people and relies more fully on your competencies than your formal experience making it a rare opportunity that's perfect for new grads, career transitioners, and those seeking an exciting encore career in AI. You're the sort of person who is exceptional at generating copy intuitively. You've also got the metacognitive awareness to "show your work." In addition, you're the sort of person with a deep interest in linguistics. You instinctively document learnings and continuously refine methods. You are a(n): Dedicated Grammarian Natural Writer Diligent Reader Self-Aware Interpreter Synthetic Sense-Maker Perpetual Learner Instinctive Educator Proven experience required Core Content Writing Background with own website/blogs/written piece of articles etc. Work in a cordial and cooperative manner with Marketing, SEO & Operations teams Most importantly, technical bent of mind with keen interest in new technologies and their applications The ability to think and act like a stakeholder is a plus Non-technical Strong sense of responsibility in quality and idea generation Can work well with others and open for giving/taking suggestions Strong written and verbal communication skills Strong motivation to learn and go in-depth into field of study Job requirements Fluent in English to be able to follow instructions and guidelines Detail-oriented with the ability to understand and follow instructions Ability to meet deadlines Responsible, reliable, and communicative Urgent Requirement.. Only F2F interviews Address: (HR Round) C-40, Sector 59, Noida (Red Building Rsystem) Final Interview (Manager+ COO) A-83, sector 2, Noida --- Regards, Team HR Cogito-Noida

Job Description: MD/DNB Anatomy (Professor/Associate Professor/Assistant Professor/Senior Resident) Position Title: Professor / Associate Professor / Assistant Professor / Senior Resident Anatomy Department: Anatomy Location: [Alligrah, Uttar pradesh] Reporting To: Head of Department (Anatomy) / Dean Academics Position Summary: The role involves teaching undergraduate and postgraduate medical students, conducting research, participating in departmental academic activities, and contributing to the growth of the institution through clinical and academic excellence in the field of Anatomy. Key Responsibilities: For All Positions: Conduct lectures, practicals, and tutorials for MBBS/BDS and allied health science students. Supervise and guide postgraduate students in research and dissertation work. Involve in departmental academic programs such as CMEs, workshops, and internal assessments. Ensure adherence to NMC norms and institutional academic standards. Participate in curriculum development and examination duties. Support cadaver dissection sessions and manage anatomy lab resources. Additional Responsibilities by Role: ???? Professor: Lead the department's academic, research, and administrative functions. Mentor junior faculty and ensure high teaching standards. Publish research in indexed journals and acquire research grants. Serve as examiner and paper setter for university/national exams. ???? Associate Professor: Support the HoD/Professor in departmental management. Independently manage academic modules and contribute to curriculum planning. Guide PG dissertations and undertake funded research. ???? Assistant Professor: Engage in active teaching, evaluation, and mentoring of students. Contribute to ongoing departmental research and publications. Support higher faculty in administrative and academic responsibilities. ???? Senior Resident: Assist in teaching, lab practicals, and dissection duties. Participate in seminars, case discussions, and departmental presentations. Undergo faculty development training as per NMC guidelines. Eligibility Criteria: Educational Qualification: MD (Anatomy) / DNB (Anatomy) from an NMC-recognized institution. Experience (As per NMC norms): Professor: 8 years teaching experience, including 3 years as Associate Professor. Associate Professor: 5 years total experience, with 4 years as Assistant Professor. Assistant Professor: 1 year of senior residency post MD/DNB. Senior Resident: Within 3 years of completing MD/DNB in Anatomy. Desirable Skills: Strong command of gross anatomy, histology, embryology, and neuroanatomy. Proficiency in cadaver dissection and lab management. Good research and publication record (preferably in indexed journals). Familiarity with NMC teaching norms and medical education technology. Excellent communication and mentoring skills. Remuneration: As per 7th CPC / institutional norms / industry standards.