410 Clinical Pathology Jobs - Page 3

DAV Sr. Secondary school, Mogappair is looking for CDT - Computer Science Professional to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Technical Support:Provide technical support to computer science faculty, staff, and students Troubleshoot and resolve hardware and software issues in computer labs and classrooms Maintenance and Upkeep:Ensure the proper functioning of computer systems, servers, and related equipment Perform routine maintenance, updates, and installations as needed Lab Management:Manage computer labs, ensuring they are well-equipped and organized Coordinate with instructors to set up and configure computers for specific classes or projects Software Installation and Configuration:Install, configure, and maintain software applications used in computer science programs Ensure software licenses are up-to-date and compliant Networking Assistance:Assist with network configurations and troubleshooting Collaborate with network administrators to address connectivity issues Security Measures:Implement and enforce security measures to protect computer systems and data Stay informed about cybersecurity best practices and contribute to risk mitigation efforts User Training:Provide training sessions or workshops to computer science students on the use of software and equipment Create documentation for commonly used applications and procedures Collaboration with Faculty:Collaborate with computer science faculty on technology-related projects Assist in the setup and maintenance of research or educational computing environments Technology Trends Awareness:Stay updated on current trends and advancements in computer science and technology Make recommendations for hardware and software upgrades based on industry standards

Role & responsibilities Serves patients by identifying the best method for retrieving blood samples and other specimens, preparing specimens for laboratory testing, and performing screening procedures. erifies patient identification and explains sampling procedures to patients. Tracks collected specimens by initialing, dating, and noting times of collection and maintaining daily tallies of collections performed. Maintains quality results by following department procedures and testing schedule, recording results in the quality-control log, and identifying and reporting needed changes. Maintains safe, secure, and healthy work environment by following standards and procedures and complying with legal regulations. Maintain Patient records accurate in the software. Preferred candidate profile Adept at venipuncture, phlebotomy, and finger sticks Excellent verbal and written communication and documentation skills Familiarity with electronic medical records (EMR) Quality focus Basic computer skills

Dear Candidate Greetings of the day! Company Profile - NeuroEquilibrium is a pioneer in the field of vertigo and balance disorders aiming to provide advanced and economical diagnosis and treatment to people suffering from these conditions. We are making groundbreaking innovations in this field by developing indigenous vertigo diagnostic systems which operate on cutting-edge cloud technology. NeuroEquilibrium is the worlds largest chain of Vertigo and Dizziness clinics with over 200 clinics in 13 Countries. In India NeuroEquilibrium has installations in top hospitals and government institutions including AIIMS Delhi, Apollo, Fortis, Manipal, Medanta, Max, Wockhardt etc. NeuroEquilibrium has treated over 1,00,000 patients of Vertigo and Dizziness. The company is well funded with investments from Kotak Ventures, Unicorn India Ventures, RVCF etc. To know more about NeuroEquilibrium, please visit: https://www.neuroequilibrium.in Designation - The Lab Technician Consultant conducts tests for vertigo, balance disorders, and related conditions, assisting doctors and ensuring proper patient care. You will be maintaining clinical equipment, medical devices, and coordination with the central clinical team for test reporting. Decent communication and organizational skills are essential for this role. What is the role like: This role will have additional responsibilities as mentioned below: Conduct Diagnostic Tests: Perform tests to assess vertigo, balance disorders, and other neurological or vestibular conditions. Patient Handling: Safely manage patients during and after tests, ensuring their comfort and well-being. Test Preparation and Maintenance: Ensure the clinic and testing equipment are properly set up, maintained, and ready for use. Assist Doctors: Support doctors during examinations, assist with routine procedures. Coordinate with Central Team: Work closely with the central clinical operations team regarding test results and follow-up procedures. Patient Scheduling & Conversion: Coordinate with call center team for scheduling patient appointments. Administrative and Marketing Support: Assist with administrative tasks and marketing efforts as directed by the central team or business development team. Travel to Other Centers: Occasionally travel to other centers as required by the central team to support operations. General Support: Assist the central team with any other tasks, as required, to ensure smooth operations and patient care. How to Apply: Please share your details along with updated CV with us via email at hroperations@neuroequilibrium.in OR hroperations1@neuroequilibrium.in

Job responsibility: To take charge as Technical and Administrative head of Lab. You shall look after the various technical aspects of the laboratory, such as timely calibration of the various instruments installed, running of the controls to ensure accurate results of the samples tested, daily maintenance of the machines for which the concerned engineer are to be contacted on need basis. You shall strictly monitor Quality control of all tests conducted. Ensure accurate testing, validation, timely release of reports, and efficient inventory control. Providing guidance to the Technicians and other staff members of Lab. Keeping the cost of operation of the lab, under budgeted limits. Preparing the lab for QA audits or any audits as applicable. Attend and present CMEs Education: MD PATHOLOGY / DNB

Hiring Pathologist (2–5 yrs) for reputed hospital in, Bangalore . Qualification: MD/DNB Pathology. Role involves diagnostic reporting in histopathology, cytology & clinical pathology. Immediate joiners preferred.

Chemistry Techniques, Lab Environment, Clinical Lab Testing, Cryogenic Procedures, Creating a Safe, Effective Environment, Sterilization, Equipment Calibration, Biohazard Safety, Medical Teamwork, Supply Management, Self-Development

Verifies test requisitions by comparing information with nursing station log; bringing discrepancies to the attention of unit personnel. Verifies patient by reading patient identification.

Responsibilities Assist the digital marketing team in ideating, creating, and distributing content on various social media channels to promote our brand Brainstorming ideas for new social media content Staying up-to-date with the latest social media trends Assisting in evaluating the success of the campaign based on analysis of relevant metrics Contributing to the social media calendar management Cooperating with the social media marketing team to plan and execute social media strategies and implement paid social media campaigns to grow our/clients brand awareness Coordinate with the client on all social media related deliverables Requirements: 1+ years of work experience as a Social Media Marketing Executive, Proficiency with various social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram,LinkedIn, YouTube Strong communication skills, both verbal and written Experience in creating digital content, such as social media posts, short videos, live videos, etc Location: HSR Layout, Bangalore

Role: Consultant Department: Customer Success (Operations) Reporting To: Laboratory Director Role Definition: The Consultant is responsible for ensuring high-quality diagnostic reporting, end-to-end technical supervision, adherence to NABL/ISO standards, and timely clinical correlation with Clinicians. The role involves oversight of pre-analytical to post-analytical processes, technical staff training, equipment calibration validation, and ensuring excellence in turnaround time (TAT), report accuracy, and patient & clinician satisfaction. Deliverables: Diagnostic Excellence Regulatory & Quality Compliance Clinician & Corporate Parties Satisfaction Team Enablement Stakeholder Engagement Responsibilities: Diagnostic Oversight & Reporting Personally validate and sign out pathological results within defined TAT, ensuring clinical correlation wherever applicable. Release critical, high-value, high-risk reports with history-backed interpretation. Ensure reporting of critical values within 30 minutes through Helpdesk coordination and documentation of escalation. Review repeat testing, delta checks, or Clinician queries before finalizing reports. Resolve escalated clinician or B2B partner queries related to report delay, interpretation, or values. Laboratory Operations Management Monitor daily workflow (sample registration to reporting) to ensure seamless processing without bottlenecks. Conduct morning huddles with technical team for daily work allocation, sample volume trends, pending TAT cases. Define shift plans, ensure break management, and redistribute manpower to high-load areas. Track hourly dashboards to monitor sample inflow, pending batches, machine utilization. Conduct daily walk-throughs of sample reception, processing, storage, and disposal areas. Maintain cold chain and monitor temperature logs of refrigerators, centrifuges, and transport boxes. Coordinate with logistics on delayed samples and prioritize urgent cases for immediate processing. Optimize TAT and batch processing to reduce costs. Monitor sample rejection or re-run trends and reduce wastage-related expenses. Keep manpower costs within budgeted limits through efficient shift rotation and overtime control. Prepare and present weekly Laboratory Operations Performance dashboards on CSAT, sample volume, rejection, TAT, QC, to HO Team. Quality Management & Compliance Daily IQC review with Laboratory/ Quality Manager document, sign, and flag any trend shift. Review EQAS data, scoring, and discussion of non-conformities with root cause analysis. Approve monthly QC summary, LJs charts, and logbook updates. Review and sign off on calibration/maintenance logs for all analyzers. Ensure reagent logs, expiry management, and kit validation documentation are updated. Conduct monthly internal audits; verify SOP compliance, sample logs, and result traceability. Ensure CAPA closure within 7 working days of any non-compliances or deviation. Ensure SOP version control and display; conduct annual policy review with Central QA team. Pre-Analytical & Sample Management Supervise specimen collection quality, labeling accuracy, transport condition, and rejection criteria compliance. Conduct random audits of sample adequacy and SOP adherence by phlebotomy and accessioning teams. Ensure timely centrifugation of time-sensitive parameters Coordinate with logistics and floor teams for timely sample receipt and prioritization of samples. Conduct monthly training for high-error (Pre Analytical Non Compliances) phlebotomy/branch teams. Technical Team Training & Development Conduct structured induction and monthly training programs on SOPs, test parameters, compliances, and QMS updates. Review competency assessments, technical error trends, and initiate re-training wherever needed. Lead scientific case discussions and knowledge sessions to upskill team members. Consumables, Reagents, Instrumentation & Infrastructure Oversight Review monthly consumption patterns of reagents, kits, and consumables against test volume. Validate monthly indents before purchase approval; avoid overstocking/stockout. Monitor machine downtime, AMC status, and repair costs; escalate cost overages to Central Team. Review daily maintenance, calibration logs, and error flags on automated machines Approve validation protocols for new test methods or equipment introduced in the laboratories. Ensure zero downtime and contingency planning for analyzers through AMC adherence and backup systems. Clinical Interface & Doctor Engagement Address Corporate Parties and clinician queries, including result clarification, discrepancy resolution, and diagnostic suggestions. Maintain communication with top KOLs & A category customers: key discussions, complaints, follow-ups. Participate in regional CMEs, RTMs, and case-based learning sessions with the medical community. Build credibility for DBCL services through scientific communication and evidence-based advice. Success Metrics: 100% accuracy rate in diagnostic tests and reports. 100% timely delivery of diagnostic results within established turnaround times 90% achievement of Quality indicators/ Laboratory Performance Score Adhere to a budget with no more than 2% variance. Customer feedback score of 4.8 or higher. One RTM/ CME per month Requirements: Medical degree (MBBS) with specialization in Pathology (MD/DNB) from a recognized institution. Valid state medical license and registration to practice pathology. Significant experience in diagnostic pathology and proficiency in performing and interpreting complex laboratory tests and techniques. Strong knowledge of NABL regulatory and accreditation requirements related to pathology services. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills to collaborate effectively with healthcare professionals and patients. Ability to work independently, handle multiple priorities, and meet deadlines in a fast-paced environment. Commitment to quality, accuracy, and continuous professional development Compensation and Benefits: We offer a competitive salary package commensurate with experience, along with comprehensive benefits and opportunities for professional growth and development.

Role: Consultant Department: Customer Success (Operations) Reporting To: Laboratory Director Role Definition: The Consultant is responsible for ensuring high-quality diagnostic reporting, end-to-end technical supervision, adherence to NABL/ISO standards, and timely clinical correlation with Clinicians. The role involves oversight of pre-analytical to post-analytical processes, technical staff training, equipment calibration validation, and ensuring excellence in turnaround time (TAT), report accuracy, and patient & clinician satisfaction. Deliverables: Diagnostic Excellence Regulatory & Quality Compliance Clinician & Corporate Parties Satisfaction Team Enablement Stakeholder Engagement Responsibilities: Diagnostic Oversight & Reporting Personally validate and sign out pathological results within defined TAT, ensuring clinical correlation wherever applicable. Release critical, high-value, high-risk reports with history-backed interpretation. Ensure reporting of critical values within 30 minutes through Helpdesk coordination and documentation of escalation. Review repeat testing, delta checks, or Clinician queries before finalizing reports. Resolve escalated clinician or B2B partner queries related to report delay, interpretation, or values. Laboratory Operations Management Monitor daily workflow (sample registration to reporting) to ensure seamless processing without bottlenecks. Conduct morning huddles with technical team for daily work allocation, sample volume trends, pending TAT cases. Define shift plans, ensure break management, and redistribute manpower to high-load areas. Track hourly dashboards to monitor sample inflow, pending batches, machine utilization. Conduct daily walk-throughs of sample reception, processing, storage, and disposal areas. Maintain cold chain and monitor temperature logs of refrigerators, centrifuges, and transport boxes. Coordinate with logistics on delayed samples and prioritize urgent cases for immediate processing. Optimize TAT and batch processing to reduce costs. Monitor sample rejection or re-run trends and reduce wastage-related expenses. Keep manpower costs within budgeted limits through efficient shift rotation and overtime control. Prepare and present weekly Laboratory Operations Performance dashboards on CSAT, sample volume, rejection, TAT, QC, to HO Team. Quality Management & Compliance Daily IQC review with Laboratory/ Quality Manager document, sign, and flag any trend shift. Review EQAS data, scoring, and discussion of non-conformities with root cause analysis. Approve monthly QC summary, LJs charts, and logbook updates. Review and sign off on calibration/maintenance logs for all analyzers. Ensure reagent logs, expiry management, and kit validation documentation are updated. Conduct monthly internal audits; verify SOP compliance, sample logs, and result traceability. Ensure CAPA closure within 7 working days of any non-compliances or deviation. Ensure SOP version control and display; conduct annual policy review with Central QA team. Pre-Analytical & Sample Management Supervise specimen collection quality, labeling accuracy, transport condition, and rejection criteria compliance. Conduct random audits of sample adequacy and SOP adherence by phlebotomy and accessioning teams. Ensure timely centrifugation of time-sensitive parameters Coordinate with logistics and floor teams for timely sample receipt and prioritization of samples. Conduct monthly training for high-error (Pre Analytical Non Compliances) phlebotomy/branch teams. Technical Team Training & Development Conduct structured induction and monthly training programs on SOPs, test parameters, compliances, and QMS updates. Review competency assessments, technical error trends, and initiate re-training wherever needed. Lead scientific case discussions and knowledge sessions to upskill team members. Consumables, Reagents, Instrumentation & Infrastructure Oversight Review monthly consumption patterns of reagents, kits, and consumables against test volume. Validate monthly indents before purchase approval; avoid overstocking/stockout. Monitor machine downtime, AMC status, and repair costs; escalate cost overages to Central Team. Review daily maintenance, calibration logs, and error flags on automated machines Approve validation protocols for new test methods or equipment introduced in the laboratories. Ensure zero downtime and contingency planning for analyzers through AMC adherence and backup systems. Clinical Interface & Doctor Engagement Address Corporate Parties and clinician queries, including result clarification, discrepancy resolution, and diagnostic suggestions. Maintain communication with top KOLs & A category customers: key discussions, complaints, follow-ups. Participate in regional CMEs, RTMs, and case-based learning sessions with the medical community. Build credibility for DBCL services through scientific communication and evidence-based advice. Success Metrics: 100% accuracy rate in diagnostic tests and reports. 100% timely delivery of diagnostic results within established turnaround times 90% achievement of Quality indicators/ Laboratory Performance Score Adhere to a budget with no more than 2% variance. Customer feedback score of 4.8 or higher. One RTM/ CME per month Requirements: Medical degree (MBBS) with specialization in Pathology (MD/DNB) from a recognized institution. Valid state medical license and registration to practice pathology. Significant experience in diagnostic pathology and proficiency in performing and interpreting complex laboratory tests and techniques. Strong knowledge of NABL regulatory and accreditation requirements related to pathology services. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills to collaborate effectively with healthcare professionals and patients. Ability to work independently, handle multiple priorities, and meet deadlines in a fast-paced environment. Commitment to quality, accuracy, and continuous professional development Compensation and Benefits: We offer a competitive salary package commensurate with experience, along with comprehensive benefits and opportunities for professional growth and development.

This is for job openings in the Corporate Chain of Labs, wants procedures-savvy MD/DNB doctors as histopathologists for the position of Chief of Lab in PATNA, New Delhi, Kolkata, VARANASI (UP). EXP: 02 - any years T: 9819454343 E: cv@sarajobs.com

Education/ Work Experience : Minimum 1-4 yr of work experience is required. DMLT/ B.Sc MLT or associate degree is required. Proven experience working as a lab technician. Critical skills : Capable of prioritizing tasks to meet goals and ensure product quality Willing to meet on-call obligations as needed Ability to communicate effectively Assisted and advised other lab workers, performed maintenance/repair of lab equipment and ordered laboratory supplies as required. Make recommendations to lab management regarding purchase of lab equipment and assist in optimal testing development. Utilized lab equipment and procedures to conduct both sensory and chemical analysis. A thorough and methodical approach to your work The ability to record test results accurately and write reports of your findings The ability to use a wide variety of laboratory equipment

Role & responsibilities Preferred candidate profile

Key Responsibilities: Collect, label, and store blood and other specimens as per standard procedures. Perform Complete Blood Count (CBC) and other hematology/pathology tests using automated analyzers and manual methods when required. Prepare and examine blood smears under a microscope for differential counts. Maintain and calibrate laboratory equipment regularly. Follow quality control (QC) protocols to ensure test accuracy. Record and maintain patient data and test results in laboratory information systems (LIS). Comply with safety guidelines, infection control protocols, and waste disposal regulations. Assist senior pathologists or laboratory technologists as required.Role & responsibilities. Required Skills : Basic knowledge of hematology, clinical pathology, and sample handling. Familiarity with laboratory equipment like CBC analyzers, centrifuges, and microscopes. Ability to follow SOPs and maintain accurate documentation. Good attention to detail and organizational skills. Knowledge of LIS software and report generation. Basic understanding of quality control and assurance in laboratories. Preferred candidate profile

Greetings from Thyrocare! We are looking Consultant Pathology- (Full Time ) for our Varanasi Lab of *Thyrocare Technologies Ltd. Qualification Required - DNB & MD Pathology Experience 1 to 3 Years Shit Timing- 10 AM To 7 PM Address : "Thyrocare Technologies Ltd, 4th Floor, Didwania Square, Babylon Heights D-63 / 9, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005." If any one is interested kindly share your resume : tereza.nerson@thyrocare.com Or whatsaap : +91 83558 89455 Regards, Mrs.Tereza Nerson Contact No: 8355889455 Sr. HR | Talent Acquisition Thyrocare Technologies Ltd.

Arunodaya University is looking for Computer Lab Assistant to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Prepare and set up laboratory equipment and materials for experiments and tests Collect and process samples according to established protocols Conduct routine laboratory tests and procedures, such as preparing solutions, conducting experiments, and performing assays Record and maintain accurate data and records of results Operate laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges and microscopes, and maintain equipment in good working condition Follow established protocols and regulations, including safety guidelines and quality control procedures Maintain a clean and organized laboratory environment, including ordering and stocking supplies Communicate with laboratory supervisors and other team members to provide updates and ask questions Strong technical skills, attention to detail, and the ability to follow precise instructions Good organizational and communication skills

Role & responsibilities: Reviewing slides & Validation of test reports of the Laboratory Ensuring Control on TAT, Consumption, Lab Expenses, OT and Inventory management Supervises day to day administration of the Laboratory Zero NCs in various Lab Audits like NABL, CAP, ISO9000 & Clinical Trials Maintaining the cost of operations within budget Ontime release of reports with 100% accuracy Employee Retention No Pre-Analytical Errors Smooth cross-functional coordination Preferred candidate profile: Qualification : MD Pathology/ DCP/ DNB Experience : 0-4 Years Interested candidates can share their cv at ritu.jakhar@lalpathlabs.com

RIMT University is looking for Professor - Audiology & Speech Language Pathology to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Deliver lectures, seminars, and tutorials within a specific academic discipline. Conduct research and publish scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals. Supervise student projects and provide mentorship for academic development. Develop and update course materials to align with the latest academic standards. Participate in departmental activities such as curriculum planning and faculty meetings. Engage in professional development and attend academic conferences.

RIMT University is looking for Associate Professor - Audiology & Speech Language Pathology to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Teaching and Instruction: Associate Professors are responsible for teaching undergraduate and/or graduate-level courses in their area of expertise They develop syllabi, prepare course materials, deliver lectures, facilitate discussions, and assess student performance They may also supervise student research projects, theses, and dissertations Research and Scholarship: Associate Professors engage in research activities, pursue scholarly publications, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their field They conduct research projects, secure research funding, collaborate with colleagues, and publish their findings in academic journals or present them at conferences They may also mentor and guide graduate students in their research pursuits Academic Advising: Associate Professors provide academic guidance and advising to students They assist students in selecting courses, developing academic plans, and pursuing research or career opportunities within their discipline They may also serve as thesis advisors or mentors to graduate students Service and Committee Work: Associate Professors contribute to the administrative functions of their department, college, or university through service and committee work They participate in faculty meetings, serve on academic committees, contribute to curriculum development, and provide input on various institutional matters

RIMT University is looking for Assistant Professor - Audiology & Speech Language Pathology to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Teach a range of courses in the department, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels Conduct original research in the field and publish findings in academic journals and at conferences Advise students and mentor junior faculty members Participate in department and university-wide committees, such as curriculum committees and search committees Pursue external funding opportunities to support research and teaching activities Engage in professional development activities to stay current in the field and enhance teaching skills

Anvi New Born and Child Hospital is looking for Laboratory Technicians to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Assist with testing and calibrating lab equipment in preparation for specific tasks Analyze retrieved data and prepare reports for laboratory management Experience in data collection and interpretation as well as the storage and retrieval of samples in a laboratory setting

Slide assessment to be done in Delhi for Delhi location and other locations in respective city it can be arranged Immediate joining ,Notice period buyout can be done Salary : 21-24LPA (no negotiation) No accommodation Pls whatsapp at 9682185990 Required Candidate profile 3-5 years independent histopath reporting

Dear Applicant, We have excellent opportunities for freshers & experienced of "Pathologist" in Various Super & Multi Specialty Hospital and Diagnostic Center of Various with good Package & Accommodation + Incentive. JOB DESCRIPTION: Designation: Pathologist Qualification: MBBS- MD/MCH/DNB Salary: 20 to 25 LPA Experience: 2 -8 Year Skill: Pathology, Anatomical Pathology, Histopathology, Cytopathology, Hematopathology, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Biopsy Interpretation, Grossing, Microscopy, Blood Smear Analysis, Bone Marrow Aspiration, Bone Marrow Biopsy, Coagulation Studies, Flow Cytometry, Microbiology, Clinical Biochemistry, Urine Analysis, Body Fluid Analysis, Serology, Immunology, Molecular Pathology, PCR, COVID-19 RT-PCR, Tumor Markers, Frozen Section, Autoimmune Profile, Quality Control, Laboratory Safety, NABL Standards, Laboratory Information System (LIS), Report Preparation, Slide Preparation, Staining Techniques, Laboratory Equipment Handling, Clinical Correlation Location: Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal Rajasthan - Bhilwara Gujarat - Dhanera Please contact for further discussion. Also kindly share your updated resume mention your preferred location & current CTC on Mail Id: jobs@angplacement.in We do not charge any consultancy charges from candidates. Thanks & Regards, Jagdish Teli Managing Director 9993872666/ 7000476894

Phlebotomy, hematology & clinical pathology expertise with peripheral smear microscopy; QC, NABL/ISO 15189 & ISO 9001 knowledge; skilled in automated and manual analyzers, LIS & lab operations; having coaching & training ability. Provident fund

Career Club Consultancy and Management Services is looking for Phlebotomist - Only Nashik Candidates to join our dynamic team and embark on a rewarding career journey Collect blood samples from patients using a variety of techniques, including venipuncture, fingerstick, or heelstick Ensure the proper identification of patients and their blood samples, and accurately label each sample with the patient's name and other relevant information Transport blood samples to the laboratory for testing and analysis, ensuring proper handling and storage to maintain sample integrity Monitor patient reactions and provide appropriate care and support during and after the blood collection process Maintain accurate records of all blood collections and patient interactions, and ensure compliance with all relevant regulations and guidelines Collaborate with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to ensure that blood samples are collected and handled appropriately for each patient Maintain cleanliness and sterility of equipment and work area, and dispose of all used needles and other materials in accordance with safety protocols