Analytics & Data Analysis Interview Questions

Users are unique individuals who visit your website, identified by client ID. Sessions represent individual visits to your website (ending after 30 minutes of inactivity or at midnight). Pageviews count the total number of times pages are viewed, including repeated views of the same page. One user can have multiple sessions, and each session can have multiple pageviews.

Key metrics include: 1) Bounce rate to measure initial engagement, 2) Conversion rate for goal completion, 3) Average time on page for content engagement, 4) Exit rate to identify drop-off points, 5) Page load speed for technical performance, 6) Form completion rates for lead generation, 7) Click-through rates for CTAs, 8) Source/medium analysis for traffic quality assessment.

CAC is calculated by dividing total marketing and sales costs by the number of new customers acquired in a given period. Include all costs: advertising spend, marketing tools, staff salaries, and content creation. A healthy CAC should be significantly lower than Customer Lifetime Value (CLV). Analyze CAC trends by channel, campaign, and segment to optimize marketing spend and improve ROI.

Attribution modeling assigns credit to marketing touchpoints in the customer journey. Types include first-click, last-click, linear, time-decay, and data-driven models. Important for: 1) Understanding which channels drive conversions, 2) Optimizing marketing budget allocation, 3) Identifying most effective customer journey paths, 4) Measuring true ROI of marketing efforts, 5) Informing cross-channel marketing strategies.

Cohort analysis groups users based on shared characteristics or time periods. Use it to: 1) Compare retention rates between different acquisition channels, 2) Analyze the impact of marketing campaigns on long-term customer behavior, 3) Identify which customer segments have highest lifetime value, 4) Optimize onboarding and engagement strategies, 5) Measure the effectiveness of loyalty programs over time.

CRO is the systematic process of increasing the percentage of website visitors who take desired actions. Approach includes: 1) Analyzing current conversion data and user behavior, 2) Identifying conversion barriers through heatmaps and session recordings, 3) Developing test hypotheses based on data, 4) Conducting A/B or multivariate tests, 5) Implementing winning variations, 6) Continuous monitoring and iteration.

Measure funnel performance by tracking: 1) Conversion rates between stages, 2) Drop-off points, 3) Time to conversion, 4) Channel contribution at each stage. Optimize by: 1) Identifying bottlenecks through funnel visualization, 2) Implementing targeted interventions at problem areas, 3) Personalizing content for each stage, 4) Testing different messaging and CTAs, 5) Refining audience targeting based on successful conversions.

ROMI = ((Revenue from Marketing - Marketing Investment) / Marketing Investment) × 100. Improve by: 1) Channel-specific ROI analysis, 2) Customer segment profitability assessment, 3) Campaign efficiency optimization, 4) A/B testing of marketing messages and creative, 5) Marketing mix modeling, 6) Attribution model refinement, 7) Customer lifetime value optimization strategies.

Key components include: 1) High-level KPIs (revenue, conversion rates, CAC), 2) Channel performance metrics, 3) Campaign ROI tracking, 4) Customer acquisition and retention metrics, 5) Funnel visualization, 6) Competitor benchmarking, 7) Budget utilization and forecasting, 8) Customer engagement metrics, 9) Market share and growth indicators, 10) Real-time performance alerts.

Use competitive analysis by: 1) Tracking competitor market share and growth, 2) Analyzing their marketing channels and messaging, 3) Benchmarking key metrics against industry standards, 4) Identifying market gaps and opportunities, 5) Monitoring competitor pricing strategies, 6) Evaluating their content and SEO strategies, 7) Assessing their social media engagement, 8) Analyzing their customer feedback and reviews.